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・ Substance dependence
・ Substance intoxication
・ Substance of very high concern
・ Substance over form
・ Substance P
・ Substance theory
・ Substance use disorder
・ Substance-induced psychosis
・ Substance-related disorder
・ Substantia ferruginea
・ Substantia gelatinosa
・ Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
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・ Substantial (rapper)
Substantial certainty doctrine
・ Substantial disruption
・ Substantial form
・ Substantial gainful activity
・ Substantial part (Canadian copyright law)
・ Substantial performance
・ Substantial Presence Test
・ Substantial shareholdings exemption
・ Substantial similarity
・ Substantial truth
・ Substantially equal periodic payments
・ Substantive democracy
・ Substantive due process
・ Substantive dye
・ Substantive law


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Substantial certainty doctrine : ウィキペディア英語版
Substantial certainty doctrine

In law, the substantial certainty doctrine is the assumption of intent even if the actor did not intend the result, but knew with ''substantial certainty'' the effect would occur as a result of his action.
Examples:
(+)= yes
(-)= no
(+)Firing a gun into a dense crowd of people. Natural and probable consequences.
Presence of a policy rational motivating no "KWSC" coupled with the alternative of product liability or negligence actions.
(-)Manufacturing cigarettes and the resulting lung cancer. Too general
(-)Running a construction site with lots of hazardous equipment and w/ knowledge that people, as a statistical reality, will get hurt on a construction site. Too general.



抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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